The aim of the study was to determine the possible cytotoxicity of the aqueous stem bark extracts of prunus africana and warburgia ugandensis to vero e6 cells and acute toxicity in balbc mice. The bark of warburgia ugandensis is widely used as an herbal medicine in kenya and other parts of africa. The genus warburgia was named after dr otto warburg, 18591938, who was born in hamburg. Warburgia salutaris cortex definition warburgia salutaris cortex consists of the dried bark of warburgia salutaris bertol. Canellaceae common names pepperbark tree peperbasboom isibhaha manaka shibaha description this is an evergreen, slender tree that grows from 5 to 10 m tall. Since the data set is a subset of a larger data set that originated from a study of several warburgia species, some of the loci did not produce bands for w. Leaf area and plant height were significantly higher under low light warburgia ugandensis, also known as uganda greenheart, is a species of evergreen tree native to africa. Cultivation of the tree species would ensure sustainable medicinal source and its conservation. Chromatography of extracts of warburgia ugandensis stem bark afforded compound 49169k, which was characterized as the sesquiterpine muzigadial by 1 hnmr spectroscopy, which did not show antibacterial activity but had.
Warburgia ugandensis, sprague, also known as the east african greenheart, a canallaceae, is a species of evergreen tree common to east african forests7. Warburgia ugandensis east african greenheart is an important medicinal tree species found throughout east africa and used to treat numerous human and livestock diseases. Frontiers antimicrobial drimane sesquiterpenes and their. World agroforestry has uploaded 4615 photos to flickr. Warburgia ugandensis sprague is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in eastern, central and southern africa. Apply 23 drops directly to skin, dilution is not required except for very sensitive skin. Warburgia ugandensis, psiadia punctulata and chasmanther a depen. Warburgia ugandensis sprague canellaceae occurs in east and central africa and is an important multipurpose tree species.
Molecules free fulltext ugandenial a, a new drimane. Warburgia ugandensis sprague family canellacea commonly known as ugandan greenheart or pepper bark tree, is a highly valued. Pdf a phytochemical basis for the potential use of. Ethnopharmacological potentials of warburgia ugandensis on.
The genus warburgia which warburgia ugandensis belongs are extensively harvested due to their antibacterial and antifungal medicinal qualities, a fact attributed to their unique sesquiterpene dialdehydes olila et al. Ms, drimane sesquiterpenes, sugars and sugar alcohols, were compared with bacterial and fungal endophyte communities trflp, dna clones, qpcr in leaves and roots of the pepper bark tree, warburgia ugandensis canellaceae. The timber has been overexploited leaving few large trees to see. An efficient callusbased in vitro regeneration protocol. Identification of specific markers linked to regional differentiation of warburgia ugandensis onyango noel ochieng 1, alice muchugi, edward muge2, bonaventure omondi aman3 and ramni jamnadass4 1department of biochemistry and biotechnology, kenyatta university, p. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts of. He lectured in botany at the university of berlin, germany, and was also the author of numerous botanical papers. The small bisexual flowers have 3 sepals and 10 petals.
Warburgia is a genus of plant in family canellaceae described as a genus in 1895. Warburgia ugandensis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Anatomy of the leaf and bark of warburgia salutaris canellaceae. Initially, verdcourt thought that the specimen was conspecific with w. Warburgia ugandensis is one of the ten species identified as high priority medicinal plants in kenya for detailed study. The species is on listed on the iucn red list and categorized as vulnerable amid concerns about overexploitation, the world agroforestry centre runs a project to preserve. Chiov, the pepper bark tree belongs to the canellaceae, a small family of tropical trees, all of them aromatic and most with medicinal properties. Genetic structuring of important medicinal species of genus.
Screening of extracts of zanthoxylum chalybeum and. Physicochemical techniques applied to organic natural. Vernacular names pepper bark tree, isibaha z, v, sebaha s. The midrib is slightly offcentre with a tapering apex and base. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Warburgia ugandensis, also known as ugandan greenheart, is a species of evergreen tree native to africa. Stuhlmann collected warburgia from mpizi near pangani in the then tanganyika and named it w. Menispermaceae were tested for activity on leishmania major promastigotes strain iduke83 nlb144 and infected macrophages in vitro. It is not recommended to take essential oils internally unless under the supervision of a medical doctor. Gane sent a warburgia specimen from the present tanzania to verdcourt 1954 that had foliage similar to w. Stem cuttings were treated with three different levels 0.
Antimicrobial drimane sesquiterpenes and their effect on. Petiole bases and shoot tips were used as explants. The species are reported as becoming rare in areas where they were once plentiful beentje. Plants were collected from baringo district, dried, extracted, weighed and tested for. Invitro cytotoxicity tests on vero e6 cells were investigated using mtt assay to assess the safety of the two plant extracts. Pdf safety of prunus africana and warburgia ugandensis.
The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader. V world congress on medicinal and aromatic plants and international symposium on plants, as factories of natural substances, edible and essential oils strategies for the conservation of warburgia salutaris family. The principal method used in the assignment of structure and absolute configuration has been chemical degradation to products for comparison with known. Bark and leaves of warburgia salutaris are commonly used in traditional and modern. This article is from frontiers in microbiology, volume 5. Safety of prunus africana and warburgia ugandensis in asthma treatment. Immunostimulatory responses to crude extracts of warburgia. They are simple, alternately arranged, elliptic to lanceolate. African journal of biotechnology analysis of the impact. Most of the african counties in which the plant species is found include.
Warbugia ugandensis kenya neem foundation herbal clinic. Phytochemical analysis of warburgia ugandensis sprague. Bioassayguided isolation of three anthelmintic compounds from warburgia ugandensis sprague subspecies ugandensis, and the mechanism of action of polygodial. Box 43844, nairobi, kenya 2department of biochemistry, university of nairobi, p. Journal of biology, agriculture and healthcare iiste. Identification of specific markers linked to regional. Strategies for the conservation of warburgia salutaris. Identification of specific markers linked to regional differentiation. The species population has shown a high genetic differentiation in the kenyas rift. Warburgia ugandensis health effects and herbal facts. Although locally common in some areas, the populations of this species have been wiped out in many areas due to the use of its bark by traditional healers for medicinal purposes against asthma, maralia and other ailments as well as skin cream. The major part of the thesis is concerned with the isolation and structural elucidation of four new crystalline sesquiterpenoids, constituents of the heartwood of warburgia ugandensis sprague canellaceae, a tree native to east africa. Withania somnifera, warbugia ugandensis, prunus africana and plectrunthus barbatus are used traditionally in kenya for treatment of microbial infections and cancer. One new drimanetype sesquiterpenoid, named ugandenial a 1, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the bark of warburgia ugandensis canellaceae together with eight known drimanetype sesquiterpenoids.
Warburgia ugandensis extracts were generally more toxic table 2. A phytochemical basis for the potential use of warburgia salutaris pepperbark tree leaves in the place of bark article pdf available january 2001 with 469 reads how we measure reads. Bioassayguided isolation of three anthelmintic compounds. Warburgia canellaceae species have a long history of ethnomedicinal uses in east, central and southern africa. Safety of prunus africana and warburgia ugandensis in. The wood is resistant to insect attack and very strong. The dark green, glossy leaves are paler green below with entire margins. Warburgia ugandensis sprague family canellacea commonly known as ugandan greenheart or pepper bark tree, is a highly valued medicinal plant in traditional medicine with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity whose parts especially the leaves and stem bark have for long been used in the treatment and management of many diseases and health conditions such as stomachache, cough, toothache. Growth parameters for seedlings of two forest trees, warburgia ugandensis and polyscias fulva, were measured under various light growth conditions. Growth characteristics of two tropical forest species.
Isolation of high quality dna and rna from cambium of the. Pdf vegetative propagation of warburgia ugandensis sprague. Warburgia ugandensis, also known as uganda greenheart, is a species of evergreen tree native to africa. Observed among savanna vegetation near lake elementaita, kenya. Antimicrobial activity and probable mechanisms of action. Canellaceae, a red data list species development of. To download the pdf, click the download link below. It was commonly used for the yoke pole of oxwagons, the disselboom. Immunostimulatory responses to crude extracts of warburgia ugandensis sprague subsp ugandensis canellaceae by balbc mice infected with leishmania major.
Fruit is a berry with shiny seeds description warburgia salutaris. This data set contains scores for 185 loci for 100 individuals of the warburgia ugandensis tree species a medicinal tree species native to eastern africa. Pdf warburgia ugandensis is an important medicinal tree species whose bark is widely. Warburgia ugandensis, warburgia breyeri, chibaca salutarus. Plant extracts from warburgia ugandensis sprague family. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Warburgia ugandensis bioassay of different plant parts. A large shrub or small tree with dark green foliage. The bark of warburgia ugandensis canellaceae family has been used as a medicinal source for a long history in many african countries. Addis ababa university ethiopian public health institute. Information on their use is available, but scientific data on their bioactivity, safety and mechanisms of action is still scanty. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Warburgia ugandensis sprague is a woody species in the family canellaceae and an important source of medicines in africa.
Despite being some of the most popular medicinal plants used in. The genus warburgia canellaceae includes four species. Influence of rooting media and indole3butyric acid iba. Overexploitation of natural forests for medicinal purposes and clearance for farming threaten the species survival. This species has its habitat encroached and this has led to a notable decrease in its population size to the level that warrant some conservation efforts. Ishs xxix international horticultural congress on horticulture.
This study describes an efficient regeneration protocol. Information on diversity in its antimicrobial activity is also lacking. Warburgia ugandensis water extracts and fraction 27163d also showed antifungal activity against candida albicans. Rates of leaf area expansion did not differ significantly p0.
Abstract warburgia ugandensis is an important african medicinal tree. Warburgia ugandensis isa highly valuedmedicinal tree within east africa which is overexploited for its medicinal use among many communities. General information warburgia ugandensis is an evergreen tree with a spreading, rounded crown. The english common name, pepperbark tree, relates to the pungent inner bark that tastes peppery. Warburgia ugandensis bioassay of different plant parts concerning the antimicrobial activity beatrice grieb 1, jens gebauer 2, peter njoroge mwangi 3 1faculty of organic agricultural sciences, university of kassel, witzenhausen, germany. Despite being some of the most popular medicinal plants used in africa, little is known about the safety. Warburgia ugandensis sprague is widely distributed across eastern africa. Species is highly valued in traditional herbal therapy cures several ailmentsmalaria, leishmaniasis, african trypanosomosis, measles, common cold, toothache, stomach ache, currently bark is harvested from the wild. Warburgia ugandensis leaves world agroforestry flickr.
Extracts of warburgia ugandensis have been reported to show some antimalarial properties in animal models species. Compositae and chasmanthera dependens hoschst family. The specific epithet salutaris is latin meaning healthful. Sustaining lives, livelihoods and landscapes ihc2014. Kenya,ethiopia and some parts of western africa the wood is resistant to insect attack and very strong. A study was conducted on the effect of organic extracts of these plants on both bacterial and fungal. Alternatively, you can also download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it can be opened using a pdf reader. Growth parameters for seedlings of warburgia ugandensis and polyscias fulva under contrasting light conditions.
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